The significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (from 29.1 to 41.6 percent) after successful chronic total occlusion (CTO) PCI in patients with an LVEF ≤35 percent.

Source: Galassi AR, Boukhris M, Toma A, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10:2158-70.

The rate of survival free of major cardiac and cerebrovascular events at two years after CTO PCI in patients with low (≤35 percent) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). It was 68 percent and 82.8 percent for an LVEF ≥50 percent and LVEF 35-50 percent, respectively.

Source: Galassi AR, Boukhris M, Toma A, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10:2158-70.

The difference in quality of life scores (using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire) among successful vs. unsuccessful CTO PCI.

Source: Sapontis J, Salisbury AC, Yeh RW, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10:1523-34.

The success rate for PCI for CTO procedures. The technical success rate was significantly better with the primary antegrade, vs. primary retrograde, approach (91.0 vs. 87.3 percent). It decreased to 78.0 percent with the rescue retrograde approach.

Source: Suzuki Y, Tsuchikane E, Katoh O, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10:2144-54.

The rate of femoral artery (FA) access for CTO PCI, compared with 84.6 percent in 2006. Access-site complications, periprocedural myocardial infarction, major bleeding, transfusion and 30-day death were more frequent in patients undergoing CTO PCI using FA access.

Source: Kinnaird T, Anderson R, Ossei-Gerning N, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10:635-44.

The concordance between the territory of ischemia and the revascularized vessel in patients receiving CTO PCI vs. non-CTO PCI (67.9 percent).

Source: Secemsky EA, Gallagher R, Harkness J, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:1196-7.