Flu and pneumonia vaccines may improve the quality of life and outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients by providing cost-effective protection against life-threatening respiratory infections, according to a review paper published in JACC: Heart Failure. Influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia are two common infectious conditions with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Vaccination could serve as a low-cost intervention preventing the significant system-wide cost associated with heart failure (HF). Large-scale, clinical trial data are limited in determining the true risks and benefits of vaccination specifically in the HF population. Read more >>>