American College of Cardiology

GRUNDY ET AL. Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk
J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1348--59

AHA/ACC Scientific Statement: Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment Equations

A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology

Scott M. Grundy, MD, PhD;
Richard Pasternak, MD;
Philip Greenland, MD;
Sidney Smith, Jr, MD;
Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD

Contents

I. Preamble and Introduction

II. Clinical Importance of Global Estimates for DHD Risk

III. Primary Versus Secondary Prevention

IV. Definition of CHD

V. Absolute Risk Estimates

VI. Definition of Low Risk

VII. Relative Risk Versus Absolute Risk: Estimations From Framingham Scores

VIII. Absolute Short-Term Risk

IX. Absolute Long-Term Risk

X. Severity of Major Risk Factors

XI. Diabetes Mellitus as a Special Case in Risk Assessment

XII. Absolute Risk Assessment in Elderly Patients

XIII. Certain Limitations of Framingham Database

XIV. Use of Conditional and Predisposing Risk Factors in Risk Assessment


Obesity
Physical Inactivity
Family History of Premature CHD
Psychosocial Factors
Ethnic Characteristics
Hypertriglyceridemia
Homocysteine
Other Risk Correlates

XV. Implications for Clinical Risk Reduction

Short-Term Prevention
Long-Term Prevention

Tables and Figures

References

This statement was approved by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in June 1999 and by the American College of Cardiology Board of Trustees in July 1999. This document is available on the World Wide Web sites of the American Heart Association (www.americanheart.org) and the American College of Cardiology (www.acc.org). Reprints of this document (the complete guidelines) are available for $5 each by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Resource Center, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-1699. To purchase additional reprints: up to 999 copies, call 800-611-6083 (US only) or fax 413-665-2671; 1000 or more copies, call 214-706-1466, fax 214-691-6342, or e-mail pubauth@heart.org. To make photocopies for personal or educational use, call the Copyright Clearance Center, 978-750-8400.

Copyright © 2000 by The American Heart Association, Inc. and
The American College of Cardiology