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ACCSAP
ACCSAP Editorial Team
ACCSAP Editorial Team
ACC wishes to thank the editors, authors and question writers who make ACCSAP possible:
Patrick T. O'Gara, MD, MACC
CMP Editor-in-Chief
Vera Bittner, MD, FACC
ACCSAP Editor-in-Chief
Julia H. Indik, MD, PhD, FACC
CMP Performance Question Editor-in-Chief
Donna M. Polk, MD, MPH, FACC
CMP Practice Question Editor-in-Chief
Jane A. Linderbaum, MS, ARNP, FACC
CMP SAP NP/PA Editor
Arrhythmias Topic Editor
Peter A. Brady, MB, CHB, FACC
Arrhythmias Topic Authors
Nazem Akoum, MD, FACC
Adrian M. Baranchuk, MD, FACC
Peter A. Brady, MB, CHB, FACC
Oliver D'Silva, MD
Andres Enriquez, MD
Mitchell N. Faddis MD, PhD, FACC
Blair P. Grubb, MD, FACC
Arshad Jahangir, MD, PhD
Susan S. Kim, MD, FACC
Pier D. Lambiase, MD, PhD
Daniel S. Modaff, MD
Walid I. Saliba, MD, FACC
Dan Sorajja, MD, FACC
Win-Kuang Shen, MD, FACC
Nishant Verma, MD, MPH
Paul J. Wang, MD, FACC
William J. Young, MBBS, PhD
Coronary Artery Disease Topic Editor
David A. Morrow, MD, MPH, FACC
Coronary Artery Disease Topic Authors
Salman Allana, MD
C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD, FACC
David D. Berg, MD, FACC
Erin A. Bohula, MD, Dphil
Emmanouil S. Brilakis, MD, PhD, FACC
Marcelo F. Di Carli, MD, FACC
William F. Fearon, MD, FACC
Michael C. Gavin , MD, MPH, FACC
Robert P Giugliano, MD, SM, FACC
Paul A. Gurbel, MD, FACC, FSCAI, FAHA
Elias V. Haddad, MD, FACC
Akshay Khandelwal MD, FACC, FSCAI
Henry E. Kim, MD, MPH, FACC
David F. Kong, MD, AM, FACC
Amir Lerman, MD
Venu Menon, MBBS, FACC
David A. Morrow, MD, MPH, FACC
L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHS
Vivian Ng, MD, FACC
Michelle L. O'Donoghue, MD, MPH
Carl J. Pepine, MD, MACC
Benjamin M. Scirica, MD, MPH, FACC
Nathaniel R. Smilowitz, MD
Udaya S. Tantry, PhD
Viviany R. Taqueti, MD, MPH, FACC
R. Jay Widmer, MD, PhD
Robert W. Yeh, MD, MSc, FACC
Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Topic Editor
Akshay S. Desai, MD, MPH, FACC
Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Topic Authors
Maya H. Barghash, MD
Barry Borlaug, MD, FACC
Leslie T. Cooper, MD, FACC
Mark H. Drazner MD, FACC
Marat Fudim, MD, MHS, FACC
Michael M. Givertz, MD, FACC
Neal K. Lakdawala, MD
Anuradha Lala-Trindade, MD
Melissa A. Lyle, MD
Raja Kannan Mutharasan, MD
Anju Nohria, MD
Kavita Sharma, MD
Jeffrey Teuteberg, MD, FACC
Jennifer Thibodeau, MD, MScs
Haider Warraich, MD
Valvular Disease Topic Editor
Wendy Tsang, MD, FACC
Valvular Disease Topic Authors
Dabit Arzamendi, MD, MS, PhD
Thomas M. Bashore, MD, FACC
Andrew M. Cheng, MD
Doreen DeFaria Yeh, MD, FACC
EstefanÃa Fernández Peregrina, MD
Linda D. Gillam, MD, MPH, FACC
Priya Kohli, MD, MPH, FACC
John Kotter, MD
Sibi Krishnamurthy, MD, FSCAI
Anuj Mediratta, MD
Igor F. Palacios, MD, FACC
Vera H. Rigolin, MD, FACC
Marcel Santalo, MD
Vincent Sorrell, MD, FACC, FASE
Andrew Wang, MD, FACC
Mathew R. Williams, MD, FACC
Evin Yucel, MD, MSc, FACC
Pericardial Disease Topic Editor
Terrence Welch, MD, FACC
Pericardial Disease Topic Authors
Patrick Collier, MD, PhD
Paul C. Cremer, MD, CM, FACC
Brian D. Hoit, MD, FACC
Massimo Imazio, MD
Allan Klein, MD, FACC
Congenital Heart Disease Topic Editor
Matthew J. Lewis, MD
Congenital Heart Disease Topic Authors
Alan C. Braverman, MD, FACC
Yonatan Buber, MD, FACC
Marc G. Cribbs , MD, FACC
Joanna Ghobrial, MD, MSc
Todd L. Kiefer, MD, FACC
Richard A. Krasuski, MD, FACC
Anne Marie Valente, MD, FACC
Vascular Diseases Topic Editor
Ido Weinberg, MD, MSc, FACC
Vascular Diseases Topic Authors
Geoffrey D. Barnes, MD, MSc, FACC
Minakshi Biswas, MD
Samih W. Bittar, MD
Andrew Galmer, DO
Iliana S. Hurtado Rendon, MD
Mariel G. Kozberg, MD, PhD
Vladimir Lakhter, DO
Carlos Mena, MD
Eli Miloslavsky, MD
R. Kevin Rogers, MD, MSc, RPVI
Alexis Roy, MD
Rahul Sakhuja, MD, MPP, MSc, FACC
Systemic Hypertension and Hypotension Topic Editor
Clive Rosendorff, MD, PHD, FACC
Systemic Hypertension and Hypotension Topic Authors
Italo Biaggioni, MD
James A. Muldowney III, MD
Clive Rosendorff, MD, PhD, FACC
Pulmonary Circulation Disorders Topic Editor
Vallerie V. McLaughlin, MD, FACC
Pulmonary Circulation Disorders Topic Authors
Geoffrey D. Barnes, MD, MSc, FACC
Thomas Cascino, MD, MSc
Richard N. Channick, MD
Robert P. Frantz, MD, FACC
Anna Hemnes, MD
Nick H. Kim, MD
Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, MD, MSc, FACC
Sudarshan Rajagopal, MD, PhD, FACC
Jonathan D. Rich, MD
Systemic Disorders Affecting the Circulatory System Topic Editor
John A. McPherson, MD, FACC
Systemic Disorders Affecting the Circulatory System Topic Authors
Aaron W. Aday, MD, MSc
David Aguilar, MD
Nathan E. Ashby, MD
Anna Burguer, MD
Stephen Clarkson, MD
Matt Durstenfeld, MD
Barinder "Ricky" Hansra, MD FACC
Brittain F. Heindl, MD
Stanislav Henkin, MD, FACC
Benjamin Landis, MD
Javid Moslehi, MD
Debabrata Mukherjee, MD, FACC
Saate Shakil, MD
Prevention Topic Editor
Vijay Nambi, MBBS, FACC
Prevention Topic Authors
C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD, FACC
Prakash C. Deedwania, MD, FACC
Danny J. Eapen, MD
Priya M. Freaney, MD
Martha Gulati, MD, MS, FACC
Richard A. Josephson, MD, MS, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FAACVPR
Mirza Umair Khalid, MD, PhD
Amit Khera, MD, MSc, FACC
Aditya K. Khetan, MBBS
Carl E. Orringer, MD, FACC
Anand Rohatgi, MD, MSc, FACC
Jia Shen, MD, MPH
Laurence Sperling, MD, FACC, FACP, FAHA, FASPC
Neil J. Stone, MD
Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD
Nathan D. Wong, PhD, FACC
Eugene Yang, MD, FACC
General Principles of Cardiovascular Medicine Topic Editor
Frederick A. Masoudi, MD, MSPH, FACC
General Principles of Cardiovascular Medicine Topic Authors
Larry A. Allen, MD, MHS, FACC
Laura Cohen, MD
Lori B. Daniels, MD, MAS, FACC
Thomas A. Gaziano, MD, MSc, FACC
Elizabeth Magnuson, PhD
George A. Mensah, MD
Jason H. Wasfy, MD, MPHIL
Miscellaneous Topics in Cardiovascular Medicine Topic Editor
Thomas S. Metkus MD, PhD, FACC
Miscellaneous Topics in Cardiovascular Medicine Topic Authors
Ferhaan Ahmad, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FAHA, FACC
Samuel Bernard, MD
Eunjung (Esther) Choi, MD
Kim A. Eagle, MD, MACC
Andrea M. Elliott, MD
Michael V. Genuardi, MD, MS
Salim S. Hayek, MD
Mustafa Husaini, MD, MBA, FACC
Sarah Kohnstamm, MD
Anum Minhas, MD
Taylor Miller, PharmD
Joseph P. Ornato, MD, FACC
Sanjay R. Patel, MD, MS
Mary Ann Peberdy, MD, FACC
Testing for Cardiovascular Disease Topic Editor
Scott M. Lilly, MD, PHD, FACC
Testing for Cardiovascular Disease Topic Authors
Shikhar Agarwal, MD, MPH, FACC
Sripal Bangalore, MD, MHA, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI
Matthew J. Budoff, MD, FACC
Andrea Cardona, MD, PhD, FACC
Vasken Dilsizian, MD, FACC
Mackram F. Eleid, MD, FACC, FSCAI
Rosario Freeman, MD, MS, FACC
Katarzyna Gil, MD
Judith Goldfinger, MD, FACC
Thura T. Harfi, MD
Daniella Kadian-Dodov, MD
Scott Lilly, MD, PhD, FACC
Jason Linefsky, MD, MS, FACC
Jagat Narula, MD, PhD, MACC
Subha V. Raman, MD, FACC
Matthew Tong, DO, FACC
Todd C. Villines, MD, FACC
Karolina M. Zareba, MD
Performance Question Editor
Julia H. Indik, MD, PhD, FACC
Performance Question Writers
Nicole Bhave, MD, FACC
Naomi F. Botkin, MD, FACC
Robert T. Eberhardt, MD, FACC
Nkechinyere Ijioma, MBBS, FACC
Dinesh H. Jagasia, MBBS, FACC
Anna McDivit Mizzell, MD, FACC
Anya Narezkina, MD
Maitreya Thakkar, MBBS, FACC
Practice Question Editor
Donna M. Polk, MD, MPH, FACC
Practice Question Writers
Gregory A. Dadekian, MD, FACC
Michelle Maya Kittleson, MD, FACC
Brigid McKenna Carlson, MD
Justin Sadhu, MD, FACC
Victor Soukoulis, MD, PhD, FACC
Justin M. Vader, MD, FACC
Ralph J. Verdino, MD, FACC