2024 ACC Annual Report Shaping the Future of Cardiology

The ACC is grateful for the generous contributions of our supporters that are helping us inspire and encourage a new generation of leaders through mentoring and leadership programming, and preparing us to adapt to our rapidly changing world. Thank you for helping shape the future of cardiology.

The donors listed below generously contributed to the ACC Annual Fund between January 1, 2024 – December 31, 2024.

The donors listed below generously contributed to the ACC Annual Fund between January 1, 2024 – December 31, 2024.

  • SYED Z. S. ABBAS, MD, FACC
  • ANTOINE B. ABCHEE, MD, FACC
  • NISSIM M. ABECASIS, MD
  • KIRKWOOD F. ADAMS, MD, FACC
  • DAVID J. ADDLEY, DO, FACC
  • C. OLUREMI ADESANYA, MD, FACC
  • AJAY AGARWAL, MBBS, FACC
  • WALIF AJI, MD, FACC
  • HATIM AL LAWATI, MD, CCK, FACC
  • ANNE R. ALBERS, MD, PHD, FACC
  • WILLIAM H. ALBERS, MD, FACC
  • ALEJANDRO ALVARO ALDANA, MD, FACC
  • JAY H. ALEXANDER, MD, FACC
  • MYRNA E. ALEXANDER NICKENS, MD, FACC
  • ARIF ABDULLATIF AL-MULLA, MB, BCH, FACC
  • MAURICE ALSTON, DO, FACC
  • KONRAD AMMER
  • SUNEESH ANAND, MD
  • LAURA ANDREWS
  • WILLIAM ARMSTRONG, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT ARZBAECHER, PHD, FACC
  • SALMAN ASHFAQ, MD, FACC
  • GETU ASSEFA, MD, FACC
  • FARAH E. ATALLAH-LAJAM, MD, FACC
  • PHILLIP K. AU, MD, FACC
  • FRED M. AUERON, MD, FACC
  • VICKIE AUSMER, MS
  • GRACIANO F. AVENDANO, MD, FACC
  • GLORIA AYUBA, DO, FACC
  • NAGI J. AZZI, MD, FACC
  • RAVINDER R. BACHIREDDY, MBBS, FACC
  • JENNIFER BAE
  • MARZIYEH BAGHERI, MD
  • ALISON BAILEY, MD, FACC
  • JP BAIRD
  • IAN CHARLES ST. CLAIR BALFOUR, MBBS, FACC
  • AJAY K. BALI, MBBS, FACC
  • OTHNIEL S BALIZOU, MD
  • AYOBAMIDELE SAHEED BALOGUN, MD, FACC
  • PARTHA SARATHI BANERJEE, DM, FACC
  • SARAH BÄR, MD, PHD
  • GEOFFREY D. BARNES, MD, MSC, FACC
  • MICHAEL J. BARRETT, MD, FACC
  • TANYA BASTIN-BALTZ, MSN
  • ASISH K. BASU, MBBS, FACC
  • PANTILA VANICHAKARN BATEMAN, MD, FACC
  • BRENTON SCOTT BAUER, MD, FACC
  • REBECCA BAUMANN, MD
  • ELIJAH H BEATY, MD, MPH, FACC
  • CRAIG J. BEAVERS, PHARMD, FACC
  • DANIEL LINCOLN BECKLES, MD, FACC
  • ISRAEL BELENKIE, MD, CM, FACC
  • AMNON BENIAMINOVITZ, MD, FACC
  • PATRICK BENJAMIN, MD
  • KATHRYN L. BERLACHER, MD, MS, FACC
  • PERCY BERROSPI, MD, FACC
  • HUGO A. BERTOZZI, MD
  • DEEPAK BHAKTA, MD, MBA, FACC
  • SUNIL BHATIA, MD, FACC
  • AMI B. BHATT, MD, FACC
  • NICOLE MARTIN BHAVE, MD, FACC
  • CATHLEEN BIGA, MSN, FACC
  • JAMES F. BINGLE, MD, FACC
  • GREG R. BLAIR, MD, FACC
  • PAUL L. BLEAKLEY, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL BLUNDA, MD, FACC
  • MADHUSUDAN BORDE, MBBS, FACC
  • SALVADOR G. BORROMEO, MD, FACC
  • JEFFREY C. BRACKETT, MD, FACC
  • BRADLEY MEDIA FOUNDATION
  • PATRICK C. BREAUX, MD, FACC
  • LESLIE A. BROOKFIELD, MD, FACC
  • DANIELA BUDIU, MD, FACC
  • JEFFREY A. BUETIKOFER, MD, FACC
  • L. MAXIMILIAN BUJA, MD, FACC
  • THOMAS R. BURKLOW, MD, FACC
  • MALIHA BUTT, MD
  • KATHERINE D. BYRD
  • JEAN M. CACCIABAUDO, MD, FACC
  • NORMAN A. CAGIN, MD, FACC
  • LINDA P. CALHOUN, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT M. CALIFF, MD, MACC
  • COURTNEY CAMPBELL, RN
  • COURTNEY CAMPBELL, MD, PHD, FACC
  • C. JEFFREY CARLSON, MD, FACC
  • SAMANTHA CARLSON-DUBOIS
  • JOANNE M. CEIMO, MD, FACC
  • ANTONIO C. P. CHAGAS, MD, PHD, FACC
  • CHRISTINE CHANCE
  • K. P. CHANNABASAPPA, MD
  • ANNE CHAO
  • GEORGE T. CHARLTON, MD, FACC
  • RAMAN CHAWLA, MD, DM, FACC
  • DANDAN CHEN, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD KAR-HANG CHENG, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT J. CHISHOLM, MD, FACC
  • ANDREW D. CHOI, MD, FACC
  • LUTHER T. CLARK, MD, FACC
  • BERNARD A. CLARK, MD, FACC
  • ROGER L. CLICK, MD, PHD, FACC
  • PETER F. COHN, MD, FACC
  • THOMAS J. COMERFORD, MD, FACC
  • THAIS COUTINHO
  • JESSICA SHANK COVIELLO, ANP-BC, FACC
  • MEGAN COYLEWRIGHT, MD, MPH, FACC
  • JEFFERY L. CURTIS, MD, FACC
  • JOAO VICENTE DA SILVEIRA, MD, FACC
  • RYAN P. DALY, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE D. DANGAS, MD, PHD, MACC
  • MRINAL KANTI DAS, DM, MD, FACC
  • ISHITA DATTA, MD
  • IRA M. DAUBER, MD, FACC
  • TAYLOR DAVIS
  • DWIGHT DAVIS, MD, FACC
  • LESLIE L. DAVIS, NP, PHD, FACC
  • MARYANA H. DE SOUZA MENDONÇA RIBEIRO
  • RIZCALLAH D. DEEK, MD, FACC
  • JOHN P. DERVAN, MD, FACC
  • ROGER D. DES PREZ, MD, FACC
  • MARIAM DESOUKI, MBBS
  • RUKIYE DEVRES UNVER
  • SHIRAZ P. DHANANI, MBBS, FACC
  • MALKIAT S. DHATT, MD, FACC
  • GURINDER S. DHILLON, BM, FACC
  • JILL R. DIAMOND
  • JENNIFER DONNELLY
  • KATHLEEN DONNELLY-BENSALAH, PHD
  • JACQUELINE DAWSON DOWE, MD, FACC
  • DOUGLAS E. DRACHMAN, MD, FACC
  • ARTHUR R. DRESDALE, MD, FACC
  • MEGAN DREWISKE
  • JOSEPH P. DROZDA, MD, MACC
  • DANIEL H. DUNKER, MD, FACC
  • EDWARD DYCKMAN, MD
  • MANOJ K. EAPEN, MBBS, FACC
  • DANIELLE EL HADDAD, MD
  • JONATHAN AVERI ELIAS, MD, FACC
  • JAMES T. ELLIOTT, MD, FACC
  • KATHERINE EMERY
  • JOHN M. ERIKSON, MD, PHD, FACC
  • UDOM ERJONGMANEE, MD, FACC
  • STEVEN M. ETTINGER, MD, FACC
  • YASMIRE EVANS, BS
  • MARYJANE A. FARR, MD, FACC
  • JAMES W. FASULES, MD, FACC
  • THEODORE FELDMAN, MD,FACC
  • LUCIENE FERREIRA
  • JULIE K. FETTERS, MD, FACC
  • EDUARDO D. FLORES, MD, FACC
  • JOHN M. FORMOLO, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL C. FOSTER, MD, FACC
  • BENJAMIN H. FREED, MD, FACC
  • BRUCE J. FRIEDMAN, MD, FACC
  • EDWARD T. A. FRY, MD, MACC
  • CARISSA GAINE
  • PAUL GALIWANGO, MD
  • CATHLEEN C. GATES
  • SREENIVASULU REDDY GANGASANI, MBBS, FACC
  • MUKHTAR A. GANI, MBBS, FACC
  • JOCELYN GARCIA DE VIERA, MD, FACC
  • ALAN K. GEISLER, DO, FACC
  • JEREMIAH M. GELLES, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD S. GERBER, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE D. GIBSON, MD, FACC
  • BERNARD GITLER, MD, FACC
  • DAVIDSON H. GIVENS, MD, FACC
  • LEE M. GLICKMAN, MD, FACC
  • LEE R. GOLDBERG, MD, MPH, FACC
  • TINA GOLDSTEIN
  • VIRGINIA Y. GONZALEZ, MD
  • FRANCISCO JAVIER GONZALEZ RUIZ, MD, FACC
  • RAKESH GOPINATHANNAIR, MBBS, FACC
  • DAVID C. GOUGH, MD, FACC
  • DANTE J. GRAVES, MD, FACC
  • GABRIEL GREGORATOS, MD, FACC
  • MARTHA GULATI, MD, MS, FACC
  • BHAVDEEP K. GUPTA, MD,FACC
  • NEHA GUPTA, MD
  • MEGHA GUPTA, BS
  • JOSE LUIS GUTIERREZ BERNAL, MD
  • KENNETH AARON HAHN, MD, FACC
  • JOUD HAJ SAKOR
  • HUSBAN HALIM, MBBS
  • SUN-TAK HAN, MD, FACC
  • MARY MCDONALD HAND, RN, AACC
  • PROF. MIGUEL IBRAIM ABBOUD HANNA SOBRINHO,
  • MSC
  • MICHAEL HARGRETT
  • JOHN GORDON HAROLD, MD, MACC
  • ELI QUINN HARRIS, MD
  • LINDA LEE HART, DNP, RN, ACNP-BC, FACC
  • MARVIN L. HARTSTEIN, MD, FACC
  • SAMI HASHMI, MD
  • HEATHER HAWORTH
  • DALIA HAWWASS, MD, FACC
  • SAMUEL M. HAZLETT, MD, FACC
  • BRIAN P. HEARON, MD, FACC
  • S. ROY HEGDE, MD, FACC
  • FRED P. HEIDENREICH, MD, FACC
  • JOSEPH W. HELAK, MD, FACC
  • RAUL E. HEREDIA, MD, FACC
  • HELDER OSCAR HERNANDEZ-RIVERA, MD, FACC
  • WILLIAM HISER, MD, FACC
  • LISA HIX
  • STEPHEN JAMES HORGAN, MB, BCH, PHD
  • PATRICK J. HUGHES, MD, FACC
  • WILLIAM L. HULL, DO, FACC
  • SARAH C. HULL, MD, FACC
  • SCOTT L. HUMMEL, MD, FACC
  • COLLEEN IANNI, AGACNP-BC, CRNP, MSN
  • UZOMA N. IBEBUOGU, MD, FACC
  • NKECHINYERE NWAMAKA IJIOMA, MBBS, FACC
  • DAVID G. IKE, MD, FACC
  • ADRIANA ILIESIU, MD, PHD
  • ADEDAPO ILUYOMADE, MD, FACC
  • ELISABETH M. IMMANUEL-ALEXIS, MBBS, FACC
  • THOMAS V. INGLESBY, MD, FACC
  • JOE DANICA INIGO
  • LINDA A. IRELAND, DO, FACC
  • DIPTI ITCHHAPORIA, MD, MACC
  • ROBERT S. IWAOKA, MD, FACC
  • VIJAY S. IYER, MBBS, PHD, FACC
  • WAEL A. JABER, MD, FACC
  • KIARA M JAMISON, DO
  • JAMES L. JANUZZI, MD, FACC
  • KATHY J. JENKINS, MD, MPH, FACC
  • LISA JOHNSTONE
  • ION S. JOVIN, MD, FACC
  • SERGEY KACHUR, MD, FACC
  • MADHAVI KADIYALA, MD, FACC
  • EMMANOUIL KALLIERIS, MD, FACC
  • DINESH KALRA, MD, FACC
  • JASON MICHAEL KAPLAN, MBBS, FACC
  • ANDREW M. KATES, MD, FACC
  • JEFFREY DAVID KATZ, MD, FACC
  • JOHN JOSEPH KELLY, MD, FACC
  • PATRICK L. KENNEDY, MD, FACC
  • NICOLA KENNEDY
  • JIMMY L. KERRIGAN, MD, FACC
  • EDWARD S. KERSH, MD, FACC
  • PETER M. KERWIN, MD, FACC
  • NAEEM A. KHAN, MBBS, FACC
  • FARID KHAN, MD
  • AKSHAY K. KHANDELWAL, MD, MBA, FACC
  • ABHISHEK KHEMKA, MD, FACC
  • AMIT KHERA, MD, MSC, FACC
  • RAJNIKANT C. KHOKHANI, MD, FACC
  • FADI KHOURY, MD
  • MARIA G. KIAFFAS, MD, FACC
  • LARRY E. KIBLER, MD, FACC
  • STEPHEN K. KIEFER, MD, FACC
  • AJAY J. KIRTANE, MD, FACC
  • HANNA B. KONARZEWSKA, MD, FACC
  • LAVANYA KONDAPALLI, MD, FACC
  • KAREN J. KOPACEK, PHARMD
  • ADAM R. KOPLEFF
  • JENNIFER KORB
  • PRAVEEN C. KORIMERLA, MD
  • GREGORY M. KOSHKARIAN, MD, FACC
  • LIDA E KOSKINA, MBBS
  • NICHOLAS T. KOUCHOUKOS, MD, FACC
  • CHRISTOPHER M. KRAMER, MD, FACC
  • APARNA KULKARNI, MBBS, MSC, FACC
  • RAMESH N. KUNDUR, MBBS, FACC
  • JEFFREY T. KUVIN, MD, FACC
  • BONNIE KY, MD, FACC
  • GERALD F. LACKEY, DO, PHD, FACC
  • NATHAN D. LAMBERT, MD, FACC
  • SUSAN Y. LATTANZI, NP
  • KATHRYN M. LAWRENCE, NP, AACC
  • ELIZABETH LE, MD, FACC
  • DONG CHUL LEE, MD, PHD, FACC
  • HANS H. LEE, MD, FACC
  • STEVEN H. LEFKOWITZ, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT B. LEMAN, MD, FACC
  • LLOYD D. LENSE, MD, FACC
  • FEDERICO E. LENZ, MD, FACC
  • BENNY J. LEVENSON, MD, PHD, FACC
  • BARRY K. LEWIS, DO, FACC
  • SANDRA J. LEWIS, MD, FACC
  • JAY J. LIBYS, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE J. LINSENMEYER, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE I. LITMAN, MD, FACC
  • ARISTEIDIS LIVANOS, BSC(MED),MSC
  • STEVEN G. LLOYD, MD, PHD, FACC
  • NICOLE L. LOHR, MD, PHD, FACC
  • LEIF A. LOHRBAUER, MD, FACC
  • MARIA LOPES, MD, FACC
  • JOHN P. LOVENTHAL, MD, FACC
  • GINA PRICE LUNDBERG, MD, FACC
  • THOMAS E. LUNDEEN, MD, FACC
  • MATTHEW ROBERT LYONS, MD, FACC
  • BRYNNE MACCANN
  • THOMAS M. MADDOX, MD, MSC, FACC
  • DAVID MADRIGAL-CAMPOS, MD
  • DONALD J. MAHON, MD, FACC
  • SATYANARAYANA M. MAMIDI, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE T. MANITSAS, MD, FACC
  • DANIEL MARELLI, MD, FACC
  • JOSEPH EDWARD MARINE, MD, MBA, FACC
  • DAVID JOEL MARON, MD, FACC
  • MATTHEW W. MARTINEZ, MD, FACC
  • FAUSTO MARTINS, MD
  • FREDERICK A. MASOUDI, MD, MSPH, MACC
  • KYLE MATHEWS
  • JEFFREY S. MATICAN, MD, FACC
  • EMILY MATUSKA
  • JOHN W. MCBRIDE, MD, FACC
  • BRIDGETTE MCMAHON, FNP-BC, MSN, AACC
  • JOHN A. MCPHERSON, MD, FACC
  • MARDSON ARAÚJO MEDEIROS, MD
  • EMMA MEDINA, MD, FACC
  • ROXANA MEHRAN, MD, FACC
  • LAXMI S. MEHTA, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD J. MERCIER, MD, FACC
  • JOSEPH V. MESSER, MD, MACC
  • DAVID B. MESSINGER, MD, FACC
  • SERGIU MESTER, MD
  • JAMES R. MICHEL, MD, FACC
  • ALICIA MICKOW, APRN
  • JENNIFER H. MIERES, MD, FACC
  • ANDREW P. MILLER, MD, FACC AND JANE EMMERTH
  • WILLIAM L. MILLMAN, MD, FACC
  • DONNA MIRENDA, CCRN, MSN, RN
  • MAHMOOD MIRHOSEINI, MD, FACC
  • DOUGLAS MISCH, RCIS, RCS, RDCS
  • STEPHANIE J. MITCHELL
  • PAMELA BOWE MORRIS, MD, FACC
  • JEFFREY GROVER MORRIS
  • JOHN A. MORYTKO, MD, FACC
  • KRIEGH P. MOULTON, MD, FACC
  • RAJESH MOVVA, MD, FACC
  • KANAE MUKAI, MD, FACC
  • FRANCES C. MUNKENBECK, MD, FACC
  • NAZILA NADERI, MD, FACC
  • HANI K. NAJM, MD, MSC, FACC
  • LINDA SUE NAMETT, CNP
  • TASNEEM Z. NAQVI, MBBS, FACC
  • DAVID L. NAVRATIL, MD, FACC
  • VICTOR NEIRA VIDAL, MD, FACC
  • ONAJEFE NELSON-TWAKOR, MD, FACC
  • GILLIAN C. NESBITT, MD, FACC
  • TAKANOBU NII, MD, PHD, FACC
  • GEORGE NIJMEH, MD, FACC
  • GEORGIETTE NSIAH-ABABIO
  • ROBERT F. OAKLEY, MD, FACC
  • ANIL C. ODHAV, MB, CHB, FACC
  • BRIAN O'KELLY, MBBCH, FACC
  • TOCHI OKWUEZE, DNP, FNP-BC, CCK, AACC
  • PETER O'MALLEY
  • ROGER C. ON, MD, FACC
  • AFAMEFUNA A ONUORA, MBBS, FACC
  • ALEXANDER N. ORSINI, MD, FACC
  • ARMEN OVSEPIAN, MD, FACC
  • VICTOR OWUSU, MD, FACC
  • AYSEGUL OZERDEM
  • HERCULES PANAYIOTOU, MB, BCH, FACC
  • GURUSHER S. PANJRATH, MBBS, MD, FACC
  • BEHZAD B. PAVRI, MBBS, FACC
  • ALLEN L. GUTOVITZ, MD, FACC
  • JAMES W. PETERSON, MD, FACC
  • SOKPISEY PHALLY, MD
  • WILLIAM J. PHILLIPS, MD, FACC
  • ANITA J. PIERMARINI
  • WILLIAM JOHN POWELL, MD, FACC
  • ANDREA L. PRICE, MS, RCIS, AACC, CPHQ
  • MARSHALL F. PRIEST, MD, FACC
  • REBECCA L. PROSSER, RN
  • SAADIA QAZI, DO
  • MARIAM S QAZI, DO
  • NINA BUTWELL RADFORD, MD, FACC
  • IRINA A RADU, BS, MD, MHA
  • PETER S. RAHKO, MD, FACC
  • LAWRENCE RAJAN, MD
  • MAKUM L. RAMESH, MBBS, FACC
  • VIJAY U. RAO, MD, PHD, FACC
  • GOWTAM RAVIPATI, MD
  • BAL T. REDDY, MD, FACC
  • RUSSELL C. REEVES, MD, FACC
  • JAMES A. REIFFEL, MD, FACC
  • GARY J. RENALDO, MD, FACC
  • HARMONY R. REYNOLDS, MD, FACC
  • MACKENZIE REYNOLDS
  • HAROLD G. RICHMAN, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL L. RIDNER, MD, FACC
  • BRIAN J. RIEGEL, MD, FACC
  • JEREMY DANIEL RIER, DO, FACC
  • RICHARD E. RINGEL, MD, FACC
  • ERIK L. RITMAN
  • GEORGE P. RODGERS, MD, MACC
  • J. JAMES ROHACK, MD, FACC
  • ANTONIO J. ROJANO GUZMAN, MD, FACC
  • RUBEN ARTURO ROMERO CORREA, MD
  • JAMES A. RONAN, MD, FACC
  • CLAUDIA P. ROSALES-ALVAREZ, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT D. ROSS, MD, FACC
  • LAURA J. ROSS, PA-C, AACC
  • JACQUES R. ROULEAU, MD, FACC
  • DAVID S. RUBENSON, MD, FACC
  • CODY J. RUBLE, RN-BC
  • ANNE RZESZUT
  • MARK J. SADA, MD, FACC
  • DIEGO B. SADLER, MD, FACC
  • ANTONIO SALAZAR URIBE, MD
  • QUSAI SALEH, MD, FACC
  • FRANK S. SALTIEL, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE L. SANDERS, MD, FACC
  • MANFRED A. SANDLER, MB, BCH, FACC
  • YAMUNA SANIL, MD, FACC
  • ALVANI D. SANTOS, MD, FACC
  • PETER MARTIN SAPIN, MD, FACC
  • IAN JOSEPH SAREMBOCK, MD, FACC
  • REY SARMIENTO, MSC
  • BARRY I. SAUL, MD, FACC
  • RETU SAXENA, MD, FACC
  • MELISSA J. SCALCHUNES, AGACNP-BC, CRNP, DNP,
  • FNP-BC, AACC
  • ALEXANDER M. A. SCHABAUER, MD, FACC
  • DIANE E. SCHABAUER, NP
  • KATE SCHAK
  • MYLES S. SCHILLER, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL SEAN SCULLY, MD, FACC
  • MARVIN S. SEGAL, MD, FACC
  • ASHOK SETH, MBBS, FACC
  • AJAZUDDIN Z. SHAIKH, MBBS, FACC
  • SUKH DEV SHARMA, MD, FACC
  • MADELINE SHARP, MD
  • M. EUGENE SHERMAN, MD, MACC
  • SAADI A. SIDDIQI, DO, FACC
  • WILLIAM R. SIGMUND, MD, FACC
  • MARC A. SILVER, MD, FACC
  • RUSSELL SILVERMAN, MD, FACC
  • B. CLAY SIZEMORE, MD, FACC
  • AHMAD M. SLIM, MD, FACC
  • DENNIS R. SMITH, MD, FACC
  • MAURICE SMITH
  • ROBYN SNYDER, BS
  • JAN DAG SOLLI, MD
  • FRANCISCO R. SOMOZA, MD, FACC
  • DWARAKRAJ SOUNDARRAJ, MBBS, FACC
  • JARED SPITZ, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL T. SPOONER, MD, FACC
  • JAMES P. SREBRO, MD, FACC
  • MUKTA CHANDRA SRIVASTAVA, MD, FACC
  • JESSE W. ST. CLAIR, MD, FACC
  • CYNTHIA A. STAVISH, ACNS-BC, APRN, MSN
  • JESSICA STEINBERG, MSED
  • MICHAEL L. STEINFELD, MD, FACC
  • JEFF P. STEINHOFF, MD, FACC
  • JULIE STEPHENSON
  • SYLVESTER & YVONNE STERIOFF
  • ERIC H. STERN, MD, FACC
  • DAVID G. STEWART, MD, FACC
  • SHASHI SHAMA SUBEDI
  • EAJAZ SYED
  • MUSHABBAR A. SYED, MBBS, FACC
  • JOHN D. SYMANSKI, MD, FACC
  • SZABOLCS GEORGE SZABO, MD, FACC
  • TSUNEKAZU TAKASHINA, MD, PHD, FACC
  • SPENCER A. TALBOT
  • MARGERY TAMAS, MPH
  • SETH R. TANENBAUM, MD, FACC
  • PAUL C. TANG, MD, PHD
  • ELIZABETH A. TARKA, MD, FACC
  • JAILA TAYLOR
  • MONICA TAYLOR-DESIR
  • LATASHA TAYLOR-IRVIN
  • FIKADU G. TEKLEYES, MD, FACC
  • NELSON TELLES GARCIA, MD, FACC
  • NICOLAS THIBODEAU-JARRY, MD, CM
  • MARIA THOMAS
  • CHARLES A. THOMPSON, MD, FACC
  • SEDA TIERNEY, MD, FACC
  • JAIME TISNADO, MD, FACC
  • JOHN M. TOBIA, BA
  • ANTHONY J. TORTOLANI, MD, FACC
  • KONSTANTINOS P. TOUTOUZAS, MD, PHD
  • THU VU MINH TRAN, PHD, FACC
  • QUYNH A. TRUONG, MD, FACC
  • STEVE C. TSAI, MD, FACC
  • RANGARAO V. TUMMALA, MBBS, FACC
  • ALEXIS Z. TUMOLO, MD, FACC
  • RANDY S. TURKEL, MD, FACC
  • SHRIKANTH P.Y. UPADYA, MBBS, FACC
  • STEPHEN A. VALENTI, MD, FACC
  • RAMAKRISHNA P. VALLURUPALLI, MD, FACC
  • WILLIAM A. VAN DECKER, MD, FACC
  • JOSE ARISTIDES VARGAS PENA, MD
  • N. ANDREW VAUGHAN, MD, FACC
  • CARLOS E. VELASCO, MD, FACC
  • SALVADOR S. VELAZQUEZ, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE W. VETROVEC, MD, MACC
  • VINCENT J. VIVONA, DO, JD
  • LINDA VUKELICH
  • ABDUL WAHEED, MBBS, FACC
  • DIANE E. WALLIS, MD, FACC
  • MARY NORINE WALSH, MD, MACC
  • DAVID B. WAMPOLD, MD, FACC
  • WEITING WANG, MD, FACC
  • DONALD O. WEBER, MD, FACC
  • MYRON L. WEISFELDT, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL L. WHALEY, MD, FACC
  • HARVEY J. WHITE, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD B. WHITING, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD RALSTON WHITLOCK, MD, FACC
  • DAVID J. WILBER, MD, FACC
  • JAMES ARTHUR WILLIAMS, BS, MD
  • B. HADLEY WILSON, MD, MACC
  • MARTHEA WILSON
  • AMY M. WINIGER, NP, FACC
  • VALENTIN WITZLING, MD
  • ABBY WOLK
  • JEFERSON WOLLMEISTER, MD
  • TIMOTHY C. WONG, MD, FACC
  • KRISTEN WONG, MD
  • JANET S. WRIGHT, MD, MACC
  • WEN-CHIH HANK WU, MD, FACC
  • VIDYA B. YALAMANCHI, MBBS, FACC
  • BAO B. YANG, MD, FACC
  • TERRY P. YARBROUGH, MD
  • LEAR ZABOROWSKI
  • ALLAN B. ZELINGER, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL ZELLINGER, MD, FACC
  • PING ZHANG, MD, FACC
  • JODI L. ZILINSKI, MD, FACC

Lifetime Giving Champions

The donors listed below have generously contributed $2,000 or more to the ACC Foundation
throughout their relationship with the ACC, in support of mission-critical activities.
Names in bold are those who contributed to the ACC's Campaig for the Future.

  • SANDRA J. LEWIS MD, FACC & JAMES T. ROSENBAUM, MD
  • THE MICHAEL WOLK HEART FOUNDATION
  • WILLIAM A. ZOGHBI, MD, MACC

$250,000 - $499,999

  • WAEL AL MAHMEED, MD, FACC
  • HANI K. NAJM, MD, MSC, FACC
  • STEVEN E. NISSEN, MD, MACC
  • DOUGLAS P. ZIPES, MD, MACC

$100,000 - $249,999

  • EUGENE BRAUNWALD, MD, MACC
  • RALPH G. BRINDIS, MD, MPH, MACC
  • JF MADDOX FOUNDATION, AS DESIGNATED BY THOMAS M. MADDOX, MD, SM, FACC & KAREN E. JOYNT MADDOX, MD, MPH, FACC

$50,000 - $99,999

  • EDWARD T. A. FRY, MD, MACC
  • JOHN GORDON HAROLD, MD, MACC
  • W. PETER KLINKE, MD, FACC
  • ROXANNE KOVACS & RICHARD J. KOVACS, MD, MACC
  • M. EUGENE SHERMAN, MD, MACC & SUSAN SHERMAN, MD
  • TONIYA SINGH, MBBS, FACC & IJ SINGH, MD
  • SHANNON VALENTINE & C. MICHAEL VALENTINE, MD, MACC
  • MARY NORINE WALSH, MD, MACC

$20,000 - $49,999

  • PETER ALAGONA, JR., MD, FACC
  • C. NOEL BAIREY MERZ, MD, MACC
  • GEORGE A. BELLER, MD, MACC
  • PAUL N. CASALE, MD, MPH, MACC & ALEXANDRA L. GIBAS, MD
  • PAMELA S. DOUGLAS, MD, MACC & GEOFFREY S. GINSBURG, MD, PHD, FACC
  • PAUL L. DOUGLASS, MD, MACC
  • CATHLEEN AND GLENN GATES
  • BHAVDEEP K. GUPTA, MD, FACC
  • DIPTI ITCHHAPORIA, MD, MACC
  • JAMES L. JANUZZI, JR., MD, FACC
  • JERRY D. KENNETT, MD, MACC
  • SPENCER B. KING, III, MD, MACC
  • JACK LEWIN, MD, FACC
  • JANE EMMERTH & ANDREW P. MILLER, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL JOSEPH MIRRO, MD, FACC
  • CHRIS PAPADOPOULOS, MD, FACC
  • JANE E. SCHAUER, MD, PHD, FACC
  • SALLY WALPOLE & HOWARD T. WALPOLE, JR., MD, MBA, FACC
  • L. SAMUEL WANN, MD, MACC
  • W. DOUGLAS WEAVER, MD, MACC
  • ROBERTA G. WILLIAMS, MD, MACC

$10,000 - $19,999

  • NABIL M. ATTAYA, MD, FACC
  • AJAY K. BALI, MBBS, FACC
  • CATHLEEN BIGA, MSN, FACC
  • MARCIA BUCKLEY BULL, MD, FACC
  • ANNE & ALBERT CHAO
  • RICHARD A. CHAZAL, MD, MACC
  • ANTHONY N. DEMARIA, MD, MACC
  • JOSEPH AND SUSIE DILG
  • GORDON L. FUNG, MD, FACC
  • W. BRUCE FYE, MD, MA, MACC
  • JULIUS M. GARDIN, MD, FACC
  • LINDA D. GILLAM, MD, MACC
  • KEIICHI HASHIMOTO, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT C. HENDEL, MD, MACC
  • ILLINOIS CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • ROBERT H. JONES, MACC, MD
  • JEFFREY T. KUVIN, MD, FACC
  • MARIAN C. LIMACHER, MD, FACC
  • LAMBERTO C. MARAMBA, MD
  • JOSEPH EDWARD MARINE, MD, MBA, FACC
  • GERARD R. MARTIN, MD, MACC
  • RITA MCCLURKEN & JAMES B. MCCLURKEN, MD, FACC
  • JOSEPH V. MESSER, MD, MACC
  • WALTER J. NICHOLSON, MD, FACC
  • NEW JERSEY CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • RICK A. NISHIMURA, MD, MACC
  • PATRICK T. O'GARA, MD, MACC
  • OREGON CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • KEYUR H. PARIKH, MD, FACC
  • MIGUEL A. QUINONES, MD, MACC
  • HOWARD S. ROSMAN, MD, FACC
  • STEPHEN P. SANDERS, MD
  • JOHN W. SCHAEFFER, MD, FACC
  • FAYAZ A. SHAWL, MBBS, FACC
  • LANA S. SKELTON, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD W. SNYDER, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL T. SPOONER, MD, FACC
  • TEXAS CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • AMY W. VAUGHAN & N. ANDREW VAUGHAN, MD, FACC
  • THAD F. WAITES, MD, MACC
  • MYRON L. WEISFELDT, MD, FACC
  • EDWARD G. WILLIAMS, MD, FACC
  • KIM ALLAN WILLIAMS, SR., MD, MACC
  • JANET S. WRIGHT, MD, MACC
  • YUEJIN YANG, MD, PHD

$5,000 - $9,999

  • TAJUDDIN AHMED, MBBS, FACC
  • FAWAZ AKHRAS, MB, BCH
  • MYRNA E. ALEXANDER NICKENS, MD, FACC
  • JOSEPH S. ALPERT, MD, FACC
  • ELLIOTT M. ANTMAN, MD
  • JAMES E. AUER, MD, FACC
  • FRED M. AUERON, MD, FACC
  • PHILIP BATES BAILEY, MD
  • GEOFFREY D. BARNES, MD, FACC
  • KATHRYN L. BERLACHER, MD, MS, FACC
  • SAROJA BHARATI, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL J. BOLAND, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT O. BONOW, MD, MACC
  • BRADLEY MEDIA FOUNDATION
  • ALAN D. BRAMOWITZ, MD, FACC
  • ALAN S. BROWN, MD, FACC
  • JOHN E. BRUSH, JR., MD, FACC
  • ROBERT M. CALIFF, MD, MACC
  • ANIL CHHABRA, MBBS, FACC
  • BASHIR A. CHOWDHRY, MD, FACC
  • RAYMOND C. CHRISTENSEN, MD, FACC
  • JOHN T. DAWSON, JR., MD, FACC
  • FRANK BOGUN & CLAIRE S. DUVERNOY, MD, FACC
  • KIM A. EAGLE, MD, MACC
  • WILLIAM P. EDWARDS, JR., MD
  • F. MICHAEL EICKMAN, MD, FACC
  • ZOUHEIR H ELIAS, MD, FACC
  • BLAIR D. ERB, JR., MD, FACC
  • JAMES W. FASULES, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT N. FINCHUM, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD K. FOSTER, MD, FACC
  • GARY S. FRANCIS, MD, FACC
  • JOHN E. FRANCIS, MD
  • ARTHUR GARSON, JR., MD, MPH, MACC
  • RICHARD D. GENTZLER, II, MD, FACC
  • EDWARD GIBBONS, MD, FACC
  • LINDSAY & TYLER J. GLUCKMAN, MD, FACC
  • DAVID A. GOORAY, MD, FACC
  • KRISHAN K. GOYLE, MD, FACC
  • GABRIEL GREGORATOS, MD, FACC
  • GABRIEL B. HABIB, SR., MD, FACC
  • HAMID HARRY HAI, MD, FACC
  • MASOOD HAQUE, MD, FACC
  • NORRIS B. HARBOLD, JR., MD, FACC
  • PAUL E. HARNICK, MD, FACC
  • S. ROY HEGDE, MD, FACC
  • DAVID R. HOLMES, JR., MD, MACC
  • MICHAEL B. HONAN, MD, FACC
  • MOHAMMAD A. JAN, MD
  • KENNETH L. JUE, MD, FACC
  • SAMUEL L. KALUSH, MD
  • LAWRENCE J. KANTER, MD, FACC
  • AYMAN KARKOUTLY, MD, FACC
  • MOHAMMED S. KHAN, MD, FACC
  • STEPHEN M. KIRKLAND, MD, FACC
  • FRANCIS J. KLOCKE, MD, MACC
  • KAZUHISA KODAMA, MD, FACC
  • TUMKUR B. N. KUMAR, MBBS, FACC
  • JAMES B. LAM, MD, FACC
  • KURT E. LAUER, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT AND DOROTHY LAUGHLIN
  • ROGER F. LEONARD, MD
  • BRUCE D. LINDSAY, MD
  • JAMES A. LING, MBBS
  • PETER E. LINZ, MD, FACC
  • HENRY S. LOEB, MD
  • DEAN T. MASON, MD, MACC
  • ZAHI H. MASRI, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD K. MAUTNER, MD
  • JOHN W. MCBRIDE, MD, FACC
  • PETER A. MCCULLOUGH, MD, MPH
  • LAXMI MEHTA, MD, FACC
  • STEPHANIE J. MITCHELL
  • ALBERTO E. MONTALVO, MD, FACC
  • THEERAGUL MORARAS, MD, FACC
  • JEFFREY W. MOSES, MD, FACC
  • NORTH CAROLINA CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • WILLIAM J. OETGEN, MD, MBA, MACC
  • NATESA G. PANDIAN, MD, FACC
  • VICTOR PARSONNET, MD, FACC
  • PATRICK W. PAU, MBBS, FACC
  • PENNSYLVANIA CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • CARL J. PEPINE, MD, MACC
  • GLORIA L. PEREZ, MD
  • DANIEL M. PHILBIN, JR., MD, FACC
  • ASHOK K. PILLY, MBBS
  • ATHENA POPPAS, MD, MACC
  • PETER S. RAHKO, MD, FACC
  • FAZALUR RAHMAN SHEIKH, MBBS, FACC
  • SURESH RAMAMURTI, MD, FACC
  • PREM N. REDDY, MD
  • MADAIAH REVANA, MBBS
  • GEORGE P. RODGERS, MD, MACC
  • ROBERT CALVIN ROLLINGS, MD, FACC
  • RITU SACHDEVA, MBBS, FACC & RAJESH SACHDEVA, MBBS, FACC
  • ROSEMARIE SALERNI, MD, FACC
  • HUGH R. SAVAGE, MD
  • MARK H. SCHOENFELD, MD, FACC
  • KERRY M. SCHWARTZ, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD C. SHAW, MD
  • VASUDEVA G. SHENOI, MBBS, FACC
  • CHARLES ARTHUR SHOULTZ, JR., MD, FACC
  • KUDDYTHAMBY SINNATHAMBY, MBBS, FACC
  • IVICOS SOTIRAKIS, MD
  • WILLIAM H. SPENCER, MD
  • HILDA A. STANGER, MD
  • ALFRED W. H. STANLEY, JR., MD, FACC
  • HENRY NATHANIEL STEWARD, MD, MBA, FACC
  • SATINDER SWAROOP, MBBS, FACC
  • ALAN A. TAMBE, MD, FACC
  • ANGELA TSENG, MD
  • DANIEL J. ULLYOT, MD, MACC
  • SHRIKANTH P.Y. UPADYA, MBBS, FACC
  • STEVEN P. VAN CAMP, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE W. VETROVEC, MD, MACC
  • VIRGINIA CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • MICHAEL A. VOTAW
  • WILLIAM S. WEINTRAUB, MD, MACC
  • ROBERT C. WESLEY, JR., MD, FACC
  • ARTHUR V. WHITTAKER, MD, FACC
  • HANNAH WILSON & B. HADLEY WILSON, MD, FACC
  • RYAN AND MARTHEA WILSON
  • WISCONSIN CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • STANLEY B. WOLFE, MD, FACC
  • YOSHIMASA YABE, MD
  • VIDYA B. YALAMANCHI, MBBS, FACC
  • KIMIO YASHIRO, MD, FACC
  • YA-TANG YEN, MD
  • K. GEORGE YOUNAN, MD, FACC
  • SARFRAZ A. ZAIDI, MD, PHD, FACC

$2,000 - $4,999

  • C. OLUREMI ADESANYA, MD, FACC
  • SAEED AHMAD, MBBS, FACC
  • ARTHUR M. ANDERSON, MD, FACC
  • ERIC R. BATES, MD, FACC
  • WILLIAM B. BAUMAN, MD, FACC
  • JOHN R. BERTUSO, MD, FACC
  • SUNIL BHATIA, MD, FACC
  • PATRICK C. BREAUX, MD, FACC
  • KENNETH P. BRIN, MD, PHD, MACC
  • W. BARTON CAMPBELL, MD
  • JEFFREY S. CARSTENS, MD, MBA, FACC
  • MELVIN D. CHEITLIN, MD, MACC
  • DR. NORIYASU CHIKU, DSC, MD
  • DR. KWANG HYUN CHO, MD
  • CRAIG B. CLARK, DO, FACC
  • COLORADO CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN
  • COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • MICHAEL H. CRAWFORD, MD, MACC
  • ROBERT P. CROKE, MD, FACC
  • IRA M. DAUBER, MD, FACC
  • GURINDER S. DHILLON, BM, FACC
  • MR. KEITH DILLON
  • HOWARD J. EISEN, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL D. EISENHAUER, MD, FACC
  • JAMES T. ELLIOTT, MD, FACC
  • NORMAN S. ESHOO, MD, FACC
  • JAMES R. EYNON, MD, FACC
  • GREGORY P. FAZIO, MD, FACC
  • PETER L. FERRER, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT S. FINKELHOR, MD, FACC
  • FLORIDA CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • BLAIR W. FOREMAN, MD, FACC
  • WILLIAM S. FRANKL, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL D. FREED, MD, MACC
  • ROBERT L. FRYE, MD, MACC
  • VALENTIN FUSTER, MD, PHD, MACC
  • RAYMOND J. GIBBONS, MD, FACC
  • SCOTT M. GOLDMAN, MD, FACC
  • THOMAS P. GRAHAM, JR., MD, FACC
  • EBERHARD GRUBE, MD, PHD, FACC
  • ARTHUR D. HAGAN, MD, FACC
  • DAVID J. HALE, MD, FACC
  • MAREOMI HAMADA, MD, PHD
  • JOHN W. HIRSHFELD, JR., MD, FACC
  • BRIAN D. HOIT, MD, FACC
  • YASUYUKI HOSODA, MD
  • RANDAL F. HUNDLEY, MD, FACC
  • SHARON ANN HUNT, MD, MACC
  • NKECHINYERE NWAMAKA IJIOMA, MBBS, FACC
  • OSCAR R. JENKINS, JR., MD, FACC
  • MYUNG HO JEONG, MD, PHD, FACC
  • S. STANLEY JUK, MD
  • ANNA M. KALYNYCH, MD
  • KATSUO KANMATSUSE, MD
  • LEO KAPLAN
  • JOHN KASSOTIS, MD, FACC
  • ANDREW M. KATES, MD, FACC
  • KEN-ICHI KAWASAKI, MD, PHD
  • MIRLE A. KELLETT, JR., MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL G. KIENZLE, MD, FACC
  • GREGORIO KOSS, MD, FACC
  • FRED M. KRAININ, MD, FACC
  • CHRISTOPHER A. LANG, MD, FACC
  • FRANCIS Y. K. LAU, MD, FACC
  • MYUNG-HO LEE, MD, FACC
  • STEVEN H. LEFKOWITZ, MD, FACC
  • WILLIAM R. LEWIS, MD, FACC
  • THOMAS D. MAHER, JR., MD, FACC
  • SATYANARAYANA M. MAMIDI, MD, FACC
  • KEITH L. MARCH, MD, PHD, FACC
  • MATTHEW W. MARTINEZ, MD, FACC
  • MANUEL R. MAYOR, MD
  • CHARLES R. MCKAY, MD, FACC
  • MICHIGAN CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • RONALD V. MILLER, MD, FACC
  • MINNESOTA CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • MISSISSIPPI CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • MISSOURI CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • CHITTA R. MOHAPATRA, MD, FACC
  • RAO K. NANDETY, MBBS
  • NEW YORK CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
  • MICHAEL A. NOCERO, JR., MD, MACC
  • LISA K. OLSON, PHD
  • BRIAN O'MURCHU, MD, FACC
  • DONALD C. OVERY, MD, FACC
  • YUKIO OZAKI, MD, PHD, FACC
  • YUKIO OZAWA, MD, FACC
  • BIPIN C. PATADIA, MBBS, FACC
  • WILLIAM W. PARMLEY, MD, MACC
  • DANIEL JOSE PINEIRO, MD, FACC
  • RICHARD L. POPP, MD, MACC
  • MARTHA J. RADFORD, MD, FACC
  • GARY J. RENALDO, MD, FACC
  • DWIGHT W. REYNOLDS, MD, FACC
  • ROBERT M. RICHARD, MD, PHD
  • KENT RIFFERT
  • JANET S. RIPPY, MD, FACC
  • JOSE R. RIVERA DEL RIO, MD, FACC
  • WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, MD, DSC, MACC
  • TOMAS E. ROMERO, MD, FACC
  • JAMES A. RONAN, JR., MD, FACC
  • JONATHAN SAFREN, MD, FACC
  • GEORGE L. SANDERS, MD, FACC
  • M. R. SATYANARAYANA, MBBS
  • DOUGLAS E. SCHRECK, MD, FACC
  • MYLAPPAN SELVARAJ, MBBS, FACC
  • JAMI G. SHAKIBI, MD, FACC
  • LYLE A. SIDDOWAY, MD, FACC
  • VIBHUTI N. SINGH, MD, FACC
  • SIDNEY C. SMITH, JR., MD, MACC
  • TANSUKH SONECHA, MBBS, PHD
  • BODO-ECKEHARD STRAUER, MD, FACC
  • MICHAEL J. SWEENEY, MD, FACC
  • MADHUSUDAN P. THAKUR, MBBS, FACC
  • MUCIO R. VALENCA, MD, FACC
  • SHANNON VALENTINE
  • MICHAEL S. VAUGHAN, MD, FACC
  • DIANE E. WALLIS, MD, FACC
  • CAROLE A. WARNES, MD, FACC
  • JOHN F. WILLIAMS, MD, MACC
  • MATTHEW R. WOLFF, MD, FACC
  • TAKASHI YANAGA, MD
  • ERIC H. YANG, MD, FACC
  • ALBERT ZAGER, MD, FACC
  • WILLARD J. ZINN, MD, FACC

In Memoriam

The ACC Foundation pays tribute to the individuals and or the families of the individuals listed below as their contributions have left an enduring impact on the ACC Mission.

  • JOHN ANAGNOS, MD, FACC
  • AARON BECKER
  • ALFRED BOVE, MD, PHD, MACC
  • EDNA CARLSON
  • KANU CHATTERJEE, MBBS, FACC
  • ELIOT CORDAY, MD, MACC
  • JAMES T. DOVE, MD, MACC
  • DORIS GOODMAN, MD
  • HARRY GRAF
  • LEONA ANN GRIFFITH
  • W. PROCTOR HARVEY, MD, MACC
  • WILLIAM KEATING, FACC
  • ATTILIO MASERI, MD, FACC & FRANCESCO MASERI
  • HELEN FAITH REICHERT & PHILIP REICHERT, MD, MACC
  • ELAYNE RUSSEK & HENRY IRVING RUSSEK, MD, RUSSEK FAMILY FOUNDATION
  • JAFAR SHAH-MIRANY, MD, FACC
  • LUDWIG SIMON, MD, FACC
  • HAROLD SWAN, MD, PHD, MACC, & ROMA SWAN