Prospective ARNI versus ACE Inhibitor Trial to Determine Superiority in Reducing Heart Failure Events After MI - PARADISE-MI

Dec 23, 2022
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Presenter/Author:
Marc A. Pfeffer, MD, PhD, FACC
Author/Summarized by Author:
Dharam J. Kumbhani, MD, SM, FACC
Summary Reviewer:
Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, FACC
Trial Sponsor:
Novartis
Date Presented:
08/29/2022
Date Published:
11/02/2022
Date Updated:
12/23/2022
Original Posted Date:
05/15/2021
References

Contribution To Literature:

Highlighted text has been updated as of December 23, 2022.

The PARADISE-MI trial showed that sacubitril/valsartan did not reduce the primary endpoint in a contemporary enriched AMI population, compared with ramipril.

Description:

The goal of the trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan compared with ramipril in a contemporary acute myocardial infarction (AMI) population.

Study Design

Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to either sacubitril/valsartan (target dose 97/103 mg BID) (n = 2,830) or ramipril (target 5 mg BID) (n = 2,831).

  • Total number of patients: 5,661
  • Duration of follow-up: 23 months
  • Mean patient age: 64 years
  • Percentage female: 24%

Inclusion criteria:

  • Presentation with AMI
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% with or without pulmonary congestion
  • Plus one of the following: age ≥70 years, atrial fibrillation, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60, diabetes mellitus, prior MI, LVEF <30%, Killip class ≥III, ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) without reperfusion

Exclusion criteria:

  • Prior heart failure (HF)
  • Clinical instability
  • eGFR <30

Other salient features/characteristics:

  • White race: 76%
  • Prior MI: 16%
  • Diabetes mellitus: 43%
  • Index presentation: STEMI, 76%

Principal Findings:

The primary outcome of cardiovascular (CV) death, first HF hospitalization, or outpatient HF for sacubitril/valsartan vs. ramipril, was: 11.9% vs. 13.2% (p = 0.17).

  • CV death: 5.9% vs. 6.7% (p = 0.20)
  • HF hospitalization: 6% vs. 6.9% (p = 0.17)

Secondary outcomes for sacubitril/valsartan vs. ramipril:

  • CV death/MI/stroke: 11.1% vs. 12.3% (p = 0.18)
  • All-cause mortality: 7.5% vs. 8.5% (p = 0.16)
  • Total HF hospitalization, outpatient HF events, and CV mortality: 8.4 vs. 10.1/100 patient-years (PY) (p = 0.02)
  • Hypotension: 28.4% vs. 22.0% (p < 0.05)

Analysis done using win ratio analysis: More serious events were given higher priority. The analysis also included positive events that were not confirmed by the clinical endpoint committee. Total win ratio of sacubitril/valsartan vs. ramipril was 1.17 (95% CI 1.03-1.33, p = 0.015).

Effect on coronary events:

  • Death from coronary heart disease (CHD), nonfatal MI, angina, coronary revascularization for sacubitril/valsartan vs. ramipril: 6.9 vs. 8.1 events/100 PY (p = 0.04)
  • CHD death or MI: 3.1 vs. 3.6 events/100 PY (p = 0.18)
  • MI: 2.2% vs. 2.6% events/100 PY (p = 0.27)
  • Coronary revascularization: 4.6% vs. 5.4% events/100 PY (p = 0.09)

Interpretation:

The results of this trial indicate that the combination sacubitril/valsartan did not reduce the primary endpoint in a contemporary enriched AMI population, compared with ramipril. Rates were numerically lower in the sacubitril/valsartan arm, and the composite endpoint that included all HF events, not just the first one, showed a benefit with sacubitril/valsartan. Similarly, there was a reduction noted among recurrent coronary events primarily due to a reduction in coronary revascularization. These are interesting findings, and add to the available data with angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs). Some of these findings are hypothesis generating and deserve further study.

References:

Mehran R, Steg PG, Pfeffer MA, et al. The Effects of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition on Major Coronary Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the PARADISE-MI Trial. Circulation 2022;146:1749-57.

Presented by Dr. Otavio Berwanger at the European Society of Cardiology Congress (ESC 2022), Barcelona, Spain, August 29, 2022.

Presented by Dr. Marc Pfeffer at the American College of Cardiology Virtual Annual Scientific Session (ACC 2021), May 15, 2021.

Study Design Paper: Jering KS, Claggett B, Pfeffer MA, et al. Prospective ARNI vs. ACE inhibitor trial to DetermIne Superiority in reducing heart failure Events after Myocardial Infarction (PARADISE‐MI): design and baseline characteristics. Eur J Heart Fail 2021;23:1040-8.

Clinical Topics: Acute Coronary Syndromes, Arrhythmias and Clinical EP, Cardiac Surgery, Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies, Invasive Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, ACS and Cardiac Biomarkers, Atrial Fibrillation/Supraventricular Arrhythmias, Cardiac Surgery and Arrhythmias, Cardiac Surgery and Heart Failure, Acute Heart Failure, Heart Failure and Cardiac Biomarkers, Interventions and ACS

Keywords: ACC21, ACC Annual Scientific Session, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Atrial Fibrillation, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, ESC22, ESC Congress, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Heart Failure, Hypotension, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Revascularization, Neprilysin, Outpatients, Ramipril, Receptors, Angiotensin, Stroke, Stroke Volume, Ventricular Function, Left


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