The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) released five separate guidelines covering dyslipidemias, supraventricular tachycardia, chronic coronary syndrome, acute pulmonary embolism, and diabetes as part of ESC Congress 2019 and published in the European Heart Journal.

Highlights from the guidelines include:

ESC/European Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines on Dyslipidemias provide recommendations on how to modify plasma lipid levels through lifestyle and medication to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Among the recommendations: LDL-C levels should be lowered as much as possible to prevent cardiovascular disease, especially in high- and very high-risk patients.

ESC Guidelines on Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) offer treatment recommendations for all types of SVTs. While drug therapies for SVT have not fundamentally changed since previous 2003 guidelines, more data on benefits and risks are available and new antiarrhythmic drugs are in the market.

ESC Guidelines on Chronic Coronary Syndromes (CCS) address chronic coronary syndromes and are a continuation of previous stable coronary artery disease (CAD) guidelines. The guidelines place stronger emphasis on lifestyle behaviors and for the first time address the negative impact of pollution and noise on CCS patients. Additionally, an annual flu vaccination, particularly for elderly patients, is recommended, as is behavioral counseling.

ESC Guidelines on Acute Pulmonary Embolism, developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society, provide a step-by-step process for how to diagnose acute pulmonary embolism, starting with "clinical suspicion based on symptoms combined with blood tests (D-dimers). They also recommend how to judge the severity of pulmonary embolism based on a combination of clinical, imaging and laboratory results, and for the first time provide guidance on which drugs to use in a patient with pulmonary embolism and cancer.

ESC Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases, developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, include the latest information on how to prevent and manage the effects of diabetes on the heart and vasculature. The guidelines provide clear recommendations on the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor antagonists, as well as lifestyle modifications to reduce the risks.

Keywords: esc 2019, ESC Congress, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Prediabetic State, Dyslipidemias, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Life Style, Tachycardia, Supraventricular, Atherosclerosis, Pulmonary Embolism, Hematologic Tests, Neoplasms, Risk Assessment, Vaccination, Lipids

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