Minimizing Adverse Haemorrhagic Events by Transradial Access Site and Systemic Implementation of AngioX: Bivalirudin vs. Heparin - MATRIX: Bivalirudin vs. Heparin

Aug 25, 2018
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Presenter/Author:
Marco Valgimigli, MD, DrPH
Author/Summarized by Author:
Anthony A. Bavry, MD, MPH, FACC
Summary Reviewer:
Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, MBA, FACC
Trial Sponsor:
Medicines Company, and Terumo Medical
Date Presented:
08/25/2018
Date Published:
08/25/2018
Date Updated:
08/25/2018
Original Posted Date:
09/01/2015
References

Contribution To Literature:

The MATRIX trial showed that bivalirudin did not reduce major or net adverse events vs. heparin; however, bleeding/death was reduced and stent thrombosis increased.

Description:

The goal of the trial was to evaluate bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin among subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization for acute coronary syndromes.

Study Design

  • Randomized
  • Parallel
  • Stratified

Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and non-STEMI [NSTEMI]) were randomized to bivalirudin (n = 3,610) versus unfractionated heparin with planned or bailout glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (n = 3,603). Patients randomized to bivalirudin were subsequently randomized to a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion versus no post-PCI bivalirudin infusion. The infusion could be administered at full dose for 4 hours or reduced dose for 6 hours according to operator discretion. By factorial design, patients were also randomized to radial access versus femoral access (reported separately).

Patient population:

  • Total number of enrollees: 7,213
  • Duration of follow-up: 30 days
  • Mean patient age: 65 years
  • Percentage female: 24%

Other salient features/characteristics:

  • Presentation: STEMI 56%, NSTEMI 40%
  • Pre-lab ADP antagonist: clopidogrel 47%, ticagrelor or prasugrel 36%
  • Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor: 4.6% with bivalirudin, 26% with heparin
  • Unfractionated heparin before study drug administration: 32% in the bivalirudin group, 33% in the heparin group

Inclusion criteria:

  • Patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing cardiac catheterization

Principal Findings:

The first co-primary outcome of death, MI, or stroke at 30 days occurred in 10.3% of the bivalirudin group versus 10.9% of the heparin group (p = 0.44). Death, MI, or stroke at 1 year occurred in 15.8% of the bivalirudin group versus 16.8% of the heparin group (p = not significant).

The second co-primary outcome of death, MI, stroke, or major bleeding (BARC 3 or 5) at 30 days occurred in 11.2% of the bivalirudin group versus 12.4% of the heparin group (p = 0.12). Death, MI, stroke, or BARC 3 or 5 major bleeding at 1 year occurred in 17.0% of the bivalirudin group versus 18.4% of the heparin group (p = not significant).

Post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) infusion of bivalirudin did not reduce the occurrence of urgent target vessel revascularization, stent thrombosis, or net adverse clinical events: 11.0% vs. 11.9% for no post-PCI infusion (p = 0.34).  

Secondary outcomes:

  • All-cause death: 1.7% vs. 2.3% (p = 0.042), respectively, for bivalirudin vs. heparin
  • MI: 8.6% vs. 8.5% (p = 0.92), respectively, for bivalirudin vs. heparin (most of these were periprocedural events)
  • Stroke: 0.4% vs. 0.5% (p = 0.57), respectively, for bivalirudin vs. heparin
  • Stent thrombosis (definite): 1.0% vs. 0.6% (p = 0.048), respectively, for bivalirudin vs. heparin
  • Major bleeding (BARC 3 or 5): 1.4% vs. 2.5% (p = 0.001), respectively, for bivalirudin vs. heparin

Interpretation:

Among patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing PCI, bivalirudin failed to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events or net adverse events compared with unfractionated heparin with planned or bailout glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. While bivalirudin was not associated with a reduction in the co-primary endpoints, this medicine was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality and major bleeding (BARC 3 or 5); however, there was an increase in stent thrombosis. Several lines of evidence now suggest an increased risk of stent thrombosis with bivalirudin.

References:

Valgimigli M, Frigoli E, Leonardi S, et al. Radial versus femoral access and bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin in invasively managed patients with acute coronary syndrome (MATRIX): final 1-year results of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018;Aug 25:[Epub ahead of print].

Presented by Dr. Marco Valgimigli at the European Society of Cardiology Congress, Munich, Germany, August 25, 2018.

Valgimigli M, Frigoli E, Leonardi S, et al., on behalf of the MATRIX Investigators. Bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2015;373:997-1009.

Editorial: Berger PB. Finding the proper context for the MATRIX trial. N Engl J Med 2015;373:1069-70.

Presented by Dr. Marco Valgimigli at ACC.15, San Diego, CA, March 16, 2015.

Keywords: ESC18, ESC Congress, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Antithrombins, Heparin, Hirudins, Myocardial Infarction, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Stents, Stroke, Thrombin, Thrombosis, ACC Annual Scientific Session


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