The following are key points to remember from this American Heart Association Scientific Statement about sleep duration and quality and its impact on lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic health:

1. Currently, 50-70 million Americans suffer from a sleep disorder or report insufficient sleep.
2. The two most common conditions are insomnia, likely present in 5-15% of the population, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), estimated in 10% of men and 3% of women <50 years of age.
3. Based on epidemiological data, both short sleep duration (<7 hours per night) and long sleep duration (>9 hours per night) disorders as well as OSA and insomnia are associated with poor cardiometabolic risk and outcomes.
4. In general, compared to patients with normal sleep duration, sleep restriction studies report increased caloric intake.
5. Data do not support major changes in energy expenditure in short duration sleep disorder, due to the multiple factors contributing to total energy expenditure.
6. Overall, it is not clear whether treating sleep disorders has a positive impact on risk of obesity.
7. The best evidence for lowering cardiovascular risk among populations with sleep-disordered breathing comes from improvement in blood pressure.
8. Future observational and clinical studies will need longer follow-up and more detailed measurement of sleep architecture and behavior.
9. Look for brief sleep behavior tools and intervention strategies to be used by busy clinicians in the future.

Keywords: Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Life Style, Metabolic Syndrome, Primary Prevention, Polysomnography, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

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