Results:

The USPSTF found inadequate direct evidence on the benefits of screening for familial hypercholesterolemia or multifactorial dyslipidemia. Evidence from short-term trials observed that pharmacotherapy was associated with significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among children with familial hypercholesterolemia, and one short-term trial observed reductions in carotid intima-media thickness. Inadequate evidence was found to support a reduction in the incidence of premature cardiovascular disease with pharmacologic therapy. The USPSTF found inadequate evidence on the benefits of lifestyle modification or pharmacotherapy interventions in children and adolescents with multifactorial dyslipidemia to improve intermediate lipid outcomes or atherosclerosis markers, or to reduce incidence of premature cardiovascular disease. The USPSTF also found inadequate evidence to assess the harms of screening for familial hypercholesterolemia or multifactorial dyslipidemia. The USPSTF found inadequate evidence to assess the long-term harms of treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia in children or adolescents.